Boiling Heat Transfer Apparatus TH-3110
Features
- Visualization of boiling and evaporation in a transparent pressure vessel
- Evaporation with heating element
- Condensation with tube coil
- Water supply via the lab network or via Water chiller (not provided) to ensure a maximum water temperature of 16°C
- Safety valve protects against overpressure in the system
- Sensors for pressure, flow rate and temperature with digital display
- Demonstrates convective, nucleate and film boiling
- Demonstrates film condensation
- Demonstrates the effect of air presence on condenser heat transfer rate
- Demonstrates Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
Technical Information
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Panel | High quality epoxy coated frame laminated with Formica, on which the chamber and instrumentations are mounted |
| Chamber | Thick-walled thermal shock proof glass cylinder with stainless steel end plates. The chamber houses the heating element and the condenser |
| Heating Element | 300 W “high watt density” cartridge heater swaged into a thick-walled copper sleeve to give a uniform surface temperature |
| Effective Heating Surface Area | Approximately 13 cm² |
| Variable Transformer | To give infinitely variable heat input to the heating element |
| Condenser | Coils of stainless-steel tube. Mean surface area approximately 0.032 m² |
| Charging and Drain Valve | Fitted to lower end plate to charge or discharge the R141b |
| Voltage & Current Meter | To measure electrical input to the heating element |
| Temperature Sensors and Indicators | To measure the surface temperature of the heating element |
| Temperature Sensors and Indicators | To measure the water inlet and outlet temperatures |
| Temperature Sensors and Indicators | To measure the R141b liquid temperature |
| Temperature Sensors and Indicators | To measure the R141b vapor temperature |
| Pressure Gauge | To measure the pressure in chamber |
| Pressure Gauge Range | -1~4 kg/cm² |
| Water Flow Meter Range | 0~5 lpm |
| High Temperature Cut-out | Incorporated in temperature indicator to interrupt electrical input to the heater element if its surface temperature exceeds 170°C |
| High Pressure Cut-out | To interrupt electrical input if chamber pressure exceeds 2.2 kg/cm² |
| Relief Valve | To discharge vapor from the chamber when pressure exceeds 2.5 kg/cm² |
| Electrical Circuit Breaker | Fused circuit and mains switch fitted with indicating Lamp |
Boiling Heat Transfer Apparatus (TH-3110)
Product Overview
The Boiling Heat Transfer Apparatus (TH-3110) is designed to help students visualize and quantify different modes of boiling heat transfer. Heat transfer is one of the core courses of engineering science, and this apparatus demonstrates boiling heat transfer characteristics under varying heat flux conditions and in the presence or absence of stirring. The unit consists of a high-strength thermal shock proof glass cylinder enclosed at the top and bottom. A small heating cylinder immersed in a volatile solvent at the bottom of the tank generates boiling at low pressure, while a water-cooled condenser at the top of the cylinder provides condensation. Sensors are provided for measurement of temperature, pressure, cooling water flow rate, and input power.
Experiments Included
- Visual demonstrations of convective, nucleate and film boiling.
- Direct and quick measurements of:
- Rate of heat transfer
- Surface temperature
- Liquid temperature at pressures up to 2 Bar above atmospheric pressures
- Calculation of heat flux and surface heat transfer coefficient in the three modes of boiling. This enables the production of graphs of:
- Heat Flux against Temperature Difference
- Heat Transfer Coefficient against Temperature Difference
- Critical Heat Flux against Saturation Pressure
- Demonstration of the phenomenon of “Burn Out” from which students readily appreciate the dangers and problems associated with boiling heat transfer at high heat fluxes.
- Demonstration of film condensation and provides data for the determination of overall heat transfer coefficient in a simple water-cooled coil and shell condenser.
- Demonstration of the effect of air presence on the rate of heat transfer in a condenser.
- May be used as a Marcet Boiler to provide the saturation pressure / temperature relationship for a pure substance (R141b) over limited pressure range.
- Demonstrates Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures.
Educational Objectives / Learning Outcomes
- Visualize convective, nucleate and film boiling.
- Measure heat transfer rate, surface temperature, and liquid temperature under pressure.
- Calculate heat flux and surface heat transfer coefficients in different boiling modes.
- Study the relationship between heat flux and temperature difference.
- Study the relationship between heat transfer coefficient and temperature difference.
- Determine critical heat flux against saturation pressure.
- Understand the phenomenon of burn out in boiling heat transfer.
- Study film condensation and overall heat transfer coefficient determination.
- Investigate the effect of air on condenser performance.
- Study saturation pressure/temperature relationships using the apparatus as a Marcet Boiler.
- Demonstrate Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures.
Standard Accessories
- 1 experimental unit
- 1 instruction manual
Optional Accessories (If Available)
Software TH-3110SW (Optional)
- DAQ software specially designed in National Instrument™, LABVIEW™ environment to measure and calculate the results of apparatus.
- While using software a set of electronic sensors are included.
- Software can be run with any Windows™ environment.
Applications
- Visualization of boiling and evaporation processes.
- Study of convective, nucleate and film boiling.
- Investigation of heat transfer coefficients and heat flux.
- Demonstration of film condensation.
- Study of condenser performance and the effect of air presence.
- Marcet Boiler applications for saturation pressure/temperature relationships.
- Demonstration of Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures.
Summary
The Boiling Heat Transfer Apparatus (TH-3110) is an educational laboratory unit that enables the study of convective, nucleate, and film boiling as well as film condensation. Equipped with temperature, pressure, flow rate, and power measurement instrumentation, the apparatus provides practical experimentation for heat transfer analysis, heat flux calculations, burn out demonstrations, and saturation pressure-temperature relationship studies, making it suitable for thermodynamics and heat transfer laboratory training.
